While estate planning is important for married couples, it is arguably even more critical for couples who live together but aren’t married. Without an estate plan, unmarried couples won’t be able to make end-of-life decisions or inherit from each other.

Estate planning serves two main functions: determining who can make decisions for you if you become incapacitated and who gets your assets when you die.

For couples who have failed to plan, there are laws in place that govern the distribution of property in the event of death and protect spouses. If you do not have a will, property will pass to your spouse and children, or to your parents if you die without a spouse or children.

But there are no laws in place to protect unmarried partners. Without a solid estate plan, your partner may be shut out of the decision making and the inheritance. The following are the essential estate planning steps that can help unmarried couples:

• Joint ownership. One way to make sure property passes to an unmarried partner is to own the property jointly, with a right of survivorship. If one joint tenant dies, his or her interest immediately ceases to exist and the remaining joint tenants own the entire property. This is also a good way to avoid probate.
• Beneficiary designations. Make sure to review beneficiary designations on bank accounts, retirement funds, and life insurance to make sure your partner is named as the beneficiary (if that is what you want). Your partner will not have access to any of those accounts without a specific beneficiary designation.
• Durable power of attorney. This appoints one or more people to act for you on financial and legal matters in the event of your incapacity. Without it, if you become disabled or even unable to manage your affairs for a period of time, your finances could become disordered and your bills may go unpaid, which would place a great burden on your partner. Your partner might have to go to court to seek the appointment of a conservator, which takes time and money. That can be avoided through a simple document.
• Health care proxy. Similar to a durable power of attorney, a health care proxy appoints an agent to make health care decisions for you when you can’t do so for yourself, whether permanently or temporarily. Again, without this document in place your partner might be shut out by other family members or forced to go to court to be appointed as guardian. If it is important for all of your family members to be able to communicate with health care providers, a broad HIPAA release — named for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 — will permit medical personnel to share information with anyone and everyone you name.
• Will. Your will says who will get your property after your death. Wills are increasingly irrelevant for this purpose as most property passes outside of probate through joint ownership, beneficiary designations and trusts. But your will is still important for two other reasons. First, if you have minor children it permits you to name their guardian in the event you are not there to continue your parental role. Second, it allows you to pick your personal representative (also called an executor or executrix) to take care of everything having to do with your estate, including distributing your possessions, paying your final bills, filing your final tax return and closing out your accounts. It’s best that you choose who serves in this role.
• Revocable trust. A revocable trust can be especially important for unmarried couples. It permits the person or people you name to manage your financial affairs for you as well as to avoid probate. You can name one or more people to serve as co-trustee with you so that you can work together on your finances. This allows them to seamlessly take over in the event of your incapacity.

Your attorney can help you determine the estate plan that is right for you and your partner.